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Research Dec 16, 2025

Urban Water Journal

From site-scale to landscape-scale: stormwater benefits of urban trees with SWMM-Canopy

A new process-based tool, SWMM-Canopy, models how urban trees reduce stormwater runoff and, applied in a California case study, lets planners evaluate the hydrologic and economic …

Example of how EarthDefine tree polygons were classified as street trees or park trees. Tree dataset courtesy of EarthDefine(2018). Imagery from National agriculture imagery program (NAIP) 2021–2022.
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Research Jan 1, 2025

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Disparities in NatureScore across U.S. public schools: implications for environmental and socioeconomic equity

A national analysis of 65,406 U.S. schools finds that nature access (measured by NatureScore™) is unequally distributed, with lower scores at schools serving more economically dis…

3D planes of multiple linear regressions among NatureScore™, percentage of FRPL, and percentage of each race.
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Research Jan 1, 2024

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

Modeling the relationship between urban tree canopy, landscape heterogeneity, and land surface temperature: A machine learning approach

A machine-learning study across nine U.S. cities in different climate zones finds that urban tree canopy consistently lowers land surface temperature, but the spatial configuratio…

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Research Aug 1, 2023

Frontiers in Sustainable Cities

Pursuit of environmental justice in urban forest planning and practice

Interviews with urban foresters in San Francisco and Seattle reveal how each city pursues environmental justice differently (San Francisco emphasizing distributional justice, Seat…

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Research Jun 1, 2023

University of Washington Evans School

Lakewood Urban Forestry Implementation Guide

This report provides the City of Lakewood with an urban forestry program implementation guide to meet its 2021 climate plan goals of expanding tree canopy cover from 26% to 40% by…

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Research Jan 1, 2022

Sustainable Cities and Society

Feasibility of afforestation as an equitable nature-based solution in urban areas

A framework combining census, satellite, and derived data identifies suitable urban afforestation sites in California, finding room for 36 million additional trees that could cut …

An example of the linear model used to represent SUHI as a function of census and satellite-derived data for the urban cluster encompassing Los Angeles, Long Beach, and Anaheim. The SUHI reduction is calculated for the different scenarios using this model
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Research Apr 23, 2020

Remote Sensing

Tree, Shrub, and Grass Classification Using Only RGB Images

A deep learning method (DeepLabV3+) classifies trees, shrubs, and grass from RGB images alone, with median frequency weighting improving accuracy for underrepresented classes like…

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Research Jun 17, 2018

Climate

Air-Temperature Response to Neighborhood-Scale Variations in Albedo and Canopy Cover in the Real World: Fine-Resolution Meteorological Modeling and Mobile Temperature Observations in the Los Angeles Climate Archipelago

Fine-resolution WRF modeling combined with car-mounted mobile temperature measurements in Los Angeles shows that increasing surface albedo and tree canopy cover delivers significa…

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Research Jan 1, 2015

UC Davis: Information Center for the Environment.

Biomass, Carbon Sequestration, and Avoided Emissions: Assessing the Role of Urban Trees in California

This collaborative report by UC Davis, the USDA Forest Service, and CAL FIRE assesses the current status of urban tree canopy and its benefits across California, while identifying…

Percent tree canopy cover within California urban areas (map)
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