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Research Dec 16, 2025

Urban Water Journal

From site-scale to landscape-scale: stormwater benefits of urban trees with SWMM-Canopy

A new process-based tool, SWMM-Canopy, models how urban trees reduce stormwater runoff and, applied in a California case study, lets planners evaluate the hydrologic and economic …

Example of how EarthDefine tree polygons were classified as street trees or park trees. Tree dataset courtesy of EarthDefine(2018). Imagery from National agriculture imagery program (NAIP) 2021–2022.
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Research Jan 1, 2025

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Disparities in NatureScore across U.S. public schools: implications for environmental and socioeconomic equity

A national analysis of 65,406 U.S. schools finds that nature access (measured by NatureScore™) is unequally distributed, with lower scores at schools serving more economically dis…

3D planes of multiple linear regressions among NatureScore™, percentage of FRPL, and percentage of each race.
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Research Jan 1, 2024

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

Modeling the relationship between urban tree canopy, landscape heterogeneity, and land surface temperature: A machine learning approach

A machine-learning study across nine U.S. cities in different climate zones finds that urban tree canopy consistently lowers land surface temperature, but the spatial configuratio…

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Research Aug 1, 2023

Frontiers in Sustainable Cities

Pursuit of environmental justice in urban forest planning and practice

Interviews with urban foresters in San Francisco and Seattle reveal how each city pursues environmental justice differently (San Francisco emphasizing distributional justice, Seat…

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Tech Docs Jul 1, 2023

Data sheet for Impervious Map

Our Impervious Map data sheet: nationwide impervious-surface mapping at 60cm, updated annually, with the surfaces it captures, accuracy, and available file formats.

Impervious juxtapose: Salem OR EarthDefine
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Research Jun 1, 2023

University of Washington Evans School

Lakewood Urban Forestry Implementation Guide

This report provides the City of Lakewood with an urban forestry program implementation guide to meet its 2021 climate plan goals of expanding tree canopy cover from 26% to 40% by…

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Research Jan 1, 2022

Sustainable Cities and Society

Feasibility of afforestation as an equitable nature-based solution in urban areas

A framework combining census, satellite, and derived data identifies suitable urban afforestation sites in California, finding room for 36 million additional trees that could cut …

An example of the linear model used to represent SUHI as a function of census and satellite-derived data for the urban cluster encompassing Los Angeles, Long Beach, and Anaheim. The SUHI reduction is calculated for the different scenarios using this model
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News Jan 1, 2022

San Francisco Chronicle

Oakland Trees: Where They Are, Where They're Lacking

Chronicle analysis of Oakland's urban tree canopy using EarthDefine data, examining where trees are concentrated and which neighborhoods lack adequate cover.

News: Oakland trees
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News Nov 23, 2021

The New York Times

Where Should You Live? (Quiz Methodology)

Methodology behind the NYT's interactive 'Where Should You Live?' quiz. Cites EarthDefine tree canopy data as one of 35 criteria used to score and rank U.S. cities and towns.

News: where should you live
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News Jun 30, 2021

The New York Times

Since When Have Trees Existed Only for Rich Americans?

A beautifully illustrated opinion piece using EarthDefine's tree canopy data. Shows disparities across the U.S.: wealthier, whiter neighborhoods have far more tree canopy than low…

North Philadelphia East: Decades ago, this area was “redlined” and classified as “D” by the federal government limiting investments and economic growth because of its racial makeup.
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News May 6, 2021

Geospatial World

PlanIT Geo and EarthDefine Partnership: AI-Driven Canopy Analysis Creates On-Demand Data

PlanIT Geo and EarthDefine announce a partnership combining TreePlotter CANOPY software with EarthDefine's nationwide high-resolution tree canopy data into a Canopy as a Service o…

News: PlanIt Geo and EarthDefine
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Tech Docs Apr 26, 2021

Data sheet for Tree Map

Our Tree Map data sheet: nationwide tree-canopy mapping at 60cm, covering what it measures, accuracy, file formats, and update cadence.

Tree Map juxtapose: Austin CIR EarthDefine
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News Jan 21, 2021

Geo Week News

How EarthDefine Uses LiDAR, Aerial Imaging and AI to Expand Their Building Footprint Database

In-depth feature on how EarthDefine uses LiDAR, AI, and 60cm aerial imagery to build and update its 156M+ building footprint database, refreshed twice yearly across the continenta…

News: EarthDefine Expanding Their Building Footprint Database
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News Jan 1, 2021

San Francisco Chronicle

Do San Francisco's Trees Depend on the Wealth of Its Residents?

Chronicle investigation into San Francisco's 669,000 trees using EarthDefine canopy data. Finds tree cover closely tracks neighborhood wealth, with affluent areas far greener than…

News: San Francisco Trees Depend
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News Oct 13, 2020

PR Newswire

US Tree Map: EarthDefine Creates the Most Detailed Map of America's Trees

EarthDefine announces its US Tree Map: 550M+ acres of tree cover mapped at 900x the resolution of prior national datasets, using AI to process 120TB of aerial imagery.

The US Tree Map seamlessly maps tree cover with an overall accuracy exceeding 96%. The data will be a continually updated to maintain a 'live' snapshot of the nation's trees.
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Research Apr 23, 2020

Remote Sensing

Tree, Shrub, and Grass Classification Using Only RGB Images

A deep learning method (DeepLabV3+) classifies trees, shrubs, and grass from RGB images alone, with median frequency weighting improving accuracy for underrepresented classes like…

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Research Jun 17, 2018

Climate

Air-Temperature Response to Neighborhood-Scale Variations in Albedo and Canopy Cover in the Real World: Fine-Resolution Meteorological Modeling and Mobile Temperature Observations in the Los Angeles Climate Archipelago

Fine-resolution WRF modeling combined with car-mounted mobile temperature measurements in Los Angeles shows that increasing surface albedo and tree canopy cover delivers significa…

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News Oct 15, 2015

PR Newswire

EarthDefine Maps High Resolution Tree Cover for New Jersey and Virginia

EarthDefine maps New Jersey and Virginia trees at 1m resolution, finding NJ has 54.9% tree canopy, significantly higher than prior estimates. Extends EarthDefine's growing state c…

News: New Jersey and Virginia
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News Sep 15, 2015

PR Newswire

EarthDefine Maps High Resolution Tree Cover for Ohio and Pennsylvania

EarthDefine releases comprehensive 1m-resolution tree canopy datasets for Ohio and Pennsylvania, using terabytes of infrared imagery and LiDAR to map all trees and canopy heights …

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News Aug 18, 2015

PR Newswire

EarthDefine Releases High Resolution Tree Map for Minnesota

EarthDefine maps Minnesota's trees at 1m resolution with 98% accuracy, 30x sharper than existing state datasets, and publishes an interactive per-capita tree cover map for all MN …

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Tech Docs Aug 9, 2015

Data sheet for Building Footprints 3D

Our 3D Building Footprints data sheet: nationwide, AI-derived footprints with building heights and base elevations, plus accuracy, file formats, and how often the data is updated.

Product: Building Footprints 3D
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News Jul 1, 2015

PR Newswire

EarthDefine Releases High Resolution Tree Map for California

EarthDefine releases a statewide 1m-resolution tree canopy dataset for California, built on color infrared imagery and LiDAR, supporting urban forestry and wildfire risk applicati…

The California SpatialCover Tree Canopy dataset is derived from a 6 class land cover classification for California that maps trees, impervious surfaces, bare land, water, herbaceous cover and shrubs at over 30 times the resolution of existing state level
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Research Jan 1, 2015

UC Davis: Information Center for the Environment.

Biomass, Carbon Sequestration, and Avoided Emissions: Assessing the Role of Urban Trees in California

This collaborative report by UC Davis, the USDA Forest Service, and CAL FIRE assesses the current status of urban tree canopy and its benefits across California, while identifying…

Percent tree canopy cover within California urban areas (map)
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News Jan 1, 2015

Geospatial World

EarthDefine Maps Tree Cover for Ohio and Pennsylvania

Geospatial World covers EarthDefine's Ohio and Pennsylvania tree canopy datasets, highlighting the 1m resolution and 95%+ accuracy that bridges gaps in national land cover databas…

EarthDefine has created comprehensive tree datasets that consistently map the location of all trees and tree heights across Ohio and Pennsylvania in detail.
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News

USDA Forest Service Region 5

California's Urban Tree Canopy

USDA Forest Service Region 5 resource page on California's urban tree canopy, featuring EarthDefine data to support state and local forestry planning efforts.

News: USDA Forest Region
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